Republika y’u Rwanda Intara y’Amajyepho Akarere ka Gisagara

0.      UBWOROZI

0.1.Intangiriro

Mu Karere ka Gisagara, Ubworozi, nka kimwe mu bigize inkingi y’ubukungu, ntibwasigaye inyuma. Gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda n’umushinga wa APEL (ubworozi bw’amatungo magufi) n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bagiye bashyigikira ubworozi. Ubworozi bwiganje ni ubw’inka, ihene, ingurube, inkoko, inkwavu, intama n’inzuki.

0.2.Gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda

Gahunda ya Girinka (One cow for one family) yatangiye ari igitekerezo cya Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda cyo koroza inka buri rugo kugira ngo rubashe kwihaza mu biribwa, cyane cyane ku ntungamubiri ziva ku bikomoka ku matungo, ubwo byari bimaze kugaragara ko 43% by’abana mu gihugu bafite hasi y’imyaka itanu (5) bari bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi. Iyi Gahunda ishingiye kandi ku cyerekezo n’ingamba bikubiye muri Vision 2020, muri EDPRS no kuri IDP. Yemejwe n’inama y’Abaminisitiri yo kuwa 12/04/2006 ari nayo yayihaye icyerekezo cyo gufasha buri rugo rukennye rw’Umunyarwanda kubona no korora inka ya kijyambere, hagamijwe ko iyo nka izatanga umukamo, nawo ugafasha urugo kuvugurura imirire yarwo, kongera umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi no gusagurira isoko amata azongera amafaranga mu mufuka, bityo iyo nka ikazageza abagize umuryango ku bukire. Iyi Gahunda yahise ishyirwa mu bikorwa, itangira ifite inzira ebyiri zuzuzanya ari zo: Girinka y’inguzanyo na Girinka y’ingabirano.

Girinka y’inguzanyo cyangwa Girinka banki; yari ishingiye ku bukangurambaga bugamije gushishikariza Umunyarwanda kugira inka binyuze mu nguzanyo za banki. Icyo gihe Leta yashyizeho ikigega cy’ingwate (fond de garantie) cyatumaga banki iha abaturage inguzanyo yo kugura inka.  

Girinka y’ingabirano yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2006, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika agabira inka abaturage mu Turere twagaragayemo ibibazo bikabije by’imirire mibi mu bana. Mu Turere icyenda (9) twatangiriwemo iyi gahunda ya Girinka y’ingabirano, n’Akarere ka Gisagara kari karimo. Utundi Turere 8 ni Huye, Nyaruguru, Nyamagabe, Nyanza, Ngororero, Karongi, Rutsiro na Gicumbi. Muri 2007 na 2008, iyi Gahunda ya Girinka yagejejwe mu Turere twose (30) tw’Igihugu.

Uko imyaka yatambukaga, haziyemo gahunda ya Girinka y’inyiturano. Iyo inka y’ingabirano yabyaraga, uwagabiwe yituraga iyayo igahabwa undi muryango wabaga waratoranyijwe n’abaturage mu nteko rusange y’abaturage.

Kubufatanye bwa Leta, abikorera, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, sosiyete sivile n’abaturage; iyi gahunda ya Girinka yakomeje gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu Karere ka Gisagara.

Imbonerahamwe ya 10: Gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda

Kuva muri 2006 kugeza Kamena 2015, mu Karere ka Gisagara hamaze gutangwa inka ibihumbi bitandatu magana cyenda mirongo itanu n’umunani (6958) muri gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda. Gahunda ya Girinka ntiyingereye umubare w’inka gusa, yanatumye hororwa inka za kijyambere zitandukanye n’indatamahembe zororwaga mbere. Umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku matungo wariyongereye n’uw’ibihingwa uriyongera bitewe no gukoresha ifumbire y’imborera. Imibereho myiza y’abaturage yarazamutse, imirire yitabwaho ndetse haboneka amafaranga aturutse ku igurishwa ry’ibikomoka ku matungo. Girinka Munyarwanda ikomeje no gushyigikira gahunda y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge kuko abahana inka baba bagiranye igihango cy’ubukire.

Akarere ka Gisagara karashima uruhare rwa Leta y’Ubumwe n’Abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye barimo DCDP, FARG, PADEBL, RARDA, IOM, RAB, SEND COW, CARE, Action AID, Croix Rouge, ZOE Ministry, Reseaux des Femmes, BENIMPUHWE, CNF, ARTCF, FFP, Association DUHOZANYE, n’abandi.

0.3.Ubworozi muri rusange

 Ubworozi bwiganje mu Karere ka Gisagara ni inka, ihene, ingurube, inkoko n’inkwavu. Ubwo bworozi bwakomeje kwitabwaho, hongerwa umubare n’ubwiza bwa buri bwoko bw’amatungo.

Imbonerahamwe ya 11: Ubworozi muri rusange mu Karere ka Gisagara

Imbonerahamwe ya 10 n’igishushanyo cya 7 bigaragaza ishusho y’ubworozi muri rusange mu Karere ka Gisagara kugeza muri 2015. Ubwoko bw’amatungo bwariyongereye cyane nyuma ya 2010 hanitabwa cyane ku ivugurura ryayo. Kugeza 2010, umubare w’inka wari 17249, zikaba zariyongereyeho inka 7478 mu myaka itanu gusa (2011-2015) zigera ku nka 24727. Hitawe kandi ku ivugurura ry’inka hagamijwe kongera umukamo binyuze muri gahunda yo kuzitera intanga. Inka z’inyarwanda zaragabanutse ziva kuri 92% y’inka zose muri 2010 zigera kuri 67% y’inka zose muri 2015. Ubwoko bw’imvange bwariyongereye buva kuri 7.7% y’inka zose muri 2010 bugera kuri 31% y’inka zose muri 2015.

Amatungo magufi nayo yariyongereye haba mu mubare no mu bwiza. Ingurube zavuye ku 14598 muri 2010 zigera kuri 25192 mu mwaka wa 2015. Ingurube z’inyarwanda zaragabanutse ziva kuri 91% y’ingurube zose muri 2010 zigera kuri 70% y’ingurube zose muri 2015. Ingurube za “landrace” zariyongereye ziva kuri 7% zigera kuri 15%, imvange zavuye kuri 2.3% muri 2010 zigera ku 9.2% y’ingurube zose muri 2015.

0.4.Gutera intanga no gukingira inka

Mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku matungo, kuvugurura amaraso yayo no kwita ku buzima bwayo, inka zarakingiwe zinaterwa intanga.

Imbonerahamwe ya 12: Umubare w’inka inka zakingiwe n’izatewe intanga

Imbonerahamwe ya 12 n’igishushanyo cya 8 bigaragaza umubare w’inka zatewe intanga n’izakingiwe, bikanerekana ukwiyongera kwa buri mwaka. Ukwiyongera cyane kwatangiye mu mwaka wa 2010, aho inka zatewe intanga zageze ku 1820, mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2006 zari 93 gusa. Mu mwaka wa 2014/2015, inka zatewe intanga zageze ku nka 3153. Inka zakingiwe zageze ku 9563 mu mwaka wa 2010, mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2006 zari 2041. Inka zikingiye zakomeje kwiyongera nyuma ya 2010 aho zageze ku nka 14946 mu mwaka wa 2014/2015 wonyine.